With the continuous improvement of UAV technology, its application in the military field is more and more extensive, which has posed a serious threat and challenge to the existing air defense system and airspace security. The battle between UAV and anti-UAV equipment has begun, and anti-UAV technology and its application in various types of weapons and equipment have gradually become a hot spot in the development of military technology in the world.
First, the development status of anti-UAV equipment technology
Anti-drone is to discover drones and use technical means to counter them.
The anti-UAV equipment system generally consists of two parts:
The first is the detection system, which mainly uses radar detection, radio signal monitoring, photoelectric identification and tracking, sound monitoring and other technologies to realize the detection and identification of UAVs;
The second is the interception system, which mainly uses violent destruction, technical blocking, control and seizure to counter the UAV.
(1) detection system development status
Large drones, similar to conventional combat aircraft, are easily detected and tracked by radar. Small and medium-sized UAV radar reflection cross-sectional area is small, and most of them fly at low altitude, ultra-low altitude, radar detection is susceptible to strong ground clutter interference.
(2) Development status of the interception system
The interception system can be roughly divided into violent destruction, technology blocking and control seizure according to the different technical methods adopted
Take three types.
1. Violent destruction. As the name suggests is to use the most simple and crude way to let the UAV lose the ability to act, currently commonly used conventional fire strike, laser weapon strike, microwave weapon strike, UAV interception four methods.
Drone interception is to let the drone carry strike weapons, intercept and destroy the target drone in the air, or directly use the drone to destroy the target drone, or pull a net to "capture". This way of destroying drones is more flexible and convenient.
2. Technology blocking. In order to make the UAV lose its action power, in addition to violent destruction, it can also start from the flight principle of the UAV and interfere with or block the control of the UAV through technical means, so as to force it to land or deviate from the course. This idea can be extended to interference with satellite navigation, interference with radio frequency communication, interference with gyro stability three methods.
3. Control and capture. In addition to violent destruction and technological interdiction, a higher and better approach is to seize or influence the control and decisions of the target drone. The methods born from this are optical deception, electronic deception, and network deception.
Second, the difficulties and challenges faced by the existing anti-UAV equipment technology
The "anti-UAV technology Equipment Shield" will face more and more difficulties and challenges.
(1) Difficulty in detection and discovery
The stealth performance of modern UAVs is increasing, which increases the difficulty of detection, tracking and early warning.
(2) The target is difficult to distinguish
Second, threat evaluation is difficult. Right now, the avionics system for drones
It adopts standardized and modular design, and can carry different equipment according to the needs of tasks, and the tactical use is flexible. When there are many unmanned aerial vehicles in the air, even if the anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system finds and makes the identification of friend or foe, it cannot determine the threat degree only by its flight characteristics. Unable to judge the degree of threat of multiple targets, it is impossible to plan the order of interception strikes, which will affect the limited distribution of anti-drone forces, and is likely to delay the aircraft.
3. Difficulty in intercepting and striking
1. Small and micro UAVs are small in size, weak in radar and infrared signal, difficult to track and lock the target when using guided weapons, unable to establish launching conditions, and when using anti-aircraft guns or aircraft guns, the target is too small to be shot, and the hit rate is low.
2. Microwave weapons need to overcome many technical problems to really put into actual combat, and laser weapons can not be all-weather combat.
3. Technology blocking is very easy to cause the effect of "killing one thousand enemies and self-harming eight hundred" in the implementation process. Ninji
The previous UAV navigation frequency and RF communication frequency range are very similar, and even there are some heavy
If we interfere with the navigation and RF communications of enemy drones, it will also cause interference with our own side.
4. The increasing degree of information technology of UAVs makes it more and more difficult to effectively interfere with and deceive them.
5. The development of UAV cluster technology poses new challenges to anti-UAV technology. Existing anti-none
The system can only track and disrupt a limited number of drones, not all individuals in a swarm
Attack; The drone swarm can generally achieve flight according to the algorithm, and has a certain adaptive repair function
Modified path and flight mode, easy to escape tracking and interference; Undisturbed and attacked by numerous none
Humans and machines will carry out deadly attacks on anti-drone systems.
Third, the development trend of anti-UAV technology and equipment
(1) Equipment miniaturization will be an inevitable requirement for future anti-UAV operations
(2) Navigation signal interference will be the technical focus of "soft kill"
(3) Directed energy weapons will be the main means of "hard destruction"
Laser, microwave, electromagnetic pulse and other directed energy weapons have the advantages of fast attack speed, good interception effect and high cost ratio, and have become the mainstream of anti-UAV equipment development. In particular, laser weapons have low cost, flexible deployment and outstanding damage effect, and are favored by countries around the world, in addition to developing more powerful laser launchers, they also try to combine laser weapons with traditional aircraft, artillery and missiles to form a rapid response UAV interception capability.
(4) Anti-stealth UAV technology will be a hot spot in the future
In the future, UAVs will have strong stealth ability, and the long-range air defense and battlefield survival ability will be greatly improved.
(5) The establishment of a multi-layer anti-drone system will be an important option
Due to the wide variety of UAVs, small and micro UAVs are difficult to detect and find, and the integrated UAVs pose a serious threat to the anti-UAV system, and various anti-UAV technology and equipment technologies have limitations, to ensure the safety of the target airspace, especially to ensure the viability of important targets, it is necessary to comprehensively use a variety of anti-UAV equipment technologies. Establish a multi-level anti-UAV system from far and near, with distinct layers and complementary advantages, in order to improve the effect of counter-UAV.
(6) "no one to no one" will become the mainstream of anti-drone operations
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology and its wide application in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned combat platforms with true autonomous capabilities will appear in the future battlefield, accelerating the evolution of war forms to unmanned and intelligent directions. At that time, traditional anti-drone technology and related combat will be difficult to meet the operational needs, and it is necessary to develop and use unmanned intelligent weapon platforms to respond to the threat of autonomous drones in a "unmanned to unmanned" and "intelligent to intelligent" manner.